Case study questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study questions - Essay Example The recommendation for this business can be expand its business to many other countries of the world and make new business strategies for having greater competitive advantages. 1b. the biggest step taken by Tesco in its strategic planning is becoming an International operator. The advantageous strategic position of the company has made it a multinational operator. The company has the ability to retain and acquire more customers in the new market environment. Tesco’s expansion in the US market is also an important strategic decision. This strategy has contributed in the success of the firm in USA. The strategy of Tesco’s store operation of small format has positioned the brand in such a way that it threatens other retail firms. To hold its position in the competitive environment of the retail industry Tesco can make alliance with different international business for its business expansion. 2. The main strategic evaluation criteria are involved in understanding the goal of the company, its mission and vision. The growth of the business by implementing those strategies helps to evaluate the effectiveness of the business strategies. Tesco has set up different evaluation criteria for its different business strategies. The strategic decision of the company to expand in USA and South Korea helped to achieve huge success in its business. In this case the main strategic evaluation criteria are to generate a certain amount of revenue from those places which will help to generate a huge amount of profit. Tesco has a strategy of selling its product at a very low price. This strategy is evaluated on the basis of the amount of goods sold in its stores. The main objective of the company is to become the largest retail company of the world. The company’s strategy of offering value added services and products in its business operation helps to increase the growth of the busine ss. The firm has introduced

Why should we care about child poverty in the uk Essay

Why should we care about child poverty in the uk - Essay Example According to Burns(2013)â€Å"In terms of local authorities, Tower Hamlets in London had the highest levels of child poverty, with 42% of children growing up in poverty†. Being developed nation child poverty indicates the incompetence and inefficiency of United Kingdom in the eyes of world. As per Save the Children (2012)â€Å"In Britain today there are a shocking 1.6 million children living in severe poverty†. A nation with comprehensive government agenda and public health policy need to give much attention to health and quality of living of young generation in their country. Child poverty in UK also shows the low wages of its citizen. As per BBC(2012)â€Å" A child is considered to be living in poverty if their household income is less than 60% of averages wages†. So child poverty is a matter of significance as it is a call to the nation for the alteration of policies of public health and welfare of a nation. Child poverty in UK is a subject to be pondered about as it is a concern for the future development of the country. Child poverty is a serious factor which afflicts the health and wellbeing of a child. When a child is mentally and physically impoverished, then the education of the child and his personality is in question. According to (Save the children)â€Å"Malnutrition is the underlying cause of at least a fifth of maternal mortality and more than a third of child deaths globally†. The poverty steals away nourishment, health, living status and education from a child. A child without education is a weakest link of a nation, society and family. So child poverty in UK is a serious issue. As per Barnardos(2013) â€Å"There are currently 3.6 million children living in poverty in the UK†. Child poverty is a shame on the economic status of a nation. If a child is not protected by government, then the country has no authentic responsibility towards its nation.

Motivation Theories in Project Management

Motivation Theories in Project Management In this assignment I will present my views about some motivation theories and how they can be applied or not applied when running in a project mode Introduction About Societe Generale Albania Banking sector continues to be one of the most important economic sectors and one of the most rapid growing businesses in Albania in the last 10 year (Bank of Albania, 2010, www.bankofalbania.org). Societe Generale Albania, previously named Banka Popullore, started its activity on 1st of Mars 2004. In 18th of April 2007, Societe Generale Group acquired 75.01% of the shares of this bank. The bank has its head office in Tirana and is present allover Albania with 41 operation branches. At the end of 2009, the bank had 379 employees, both Albanian and French nationality (Annual Report 2009, 2010, www.societegenerale.al). About the case study Being on the most important economic sectors has created enough space for operation of 17 Banks in a relatively small market like Albania. With such a high competition it is very important that banks stay always in line with economic developments and react fast toward customer needs for new products or adaptation. Our bank is quite small and there are frequently high pressures for sharing resources in order to complete in time and with budget different operational or business initiatives. These needs has made mandatory for bank management to apply a matrix organizational design in our organization. Such organizational structure are quite complex when it comes to management and control of staff performance, as they bring the employee in front of two managers, the department manager and the project manager. Now days project management is becoming a key component of the success for eveyr organization in any sector and such the motivation of employees working in projects is of a great interest for both the project manager, as the main beneficiary, and the organization. There a lot of researches and studies for motivation in standard organizational structure, but the topic is considered as less explored when it comes to project management (Dwivedula and Bredillet, 2009). Theories of motivations Motivation is the driving force within individuals that compels them physiologically and psychologically to pursue one or more goals to fulfill their needs or expectations, (Lam and Tang, 2003, p. 61). Why do managers need motivation? If we agree that an output of motivation is control, than we may say that a manager needs motivation to make people do the things he wants and stop doing the things There are currently a lot of theories to explain the nature of motivation and help mangers on addressing it according to their needs. These theories do not conflict between them, which means the manager can use any of them or even combine them. In my assignments I will be focused in 2 theories; The hierarchy of needs as the most first one and most well known by all kind of managers and The dual-structure theory since it was developed based on a research on engineers and accounts, which is about the same environment and employee nature as in my bank. The Hierarchy of Needs This is one of the most well know need theories of motivation and was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940. According to this theory the needs are organized in 5 main groups of needs that stay together in the form of a pyramid (Maslow, 1943): Physiological Needs; they stay in the bottom of the pyramid and include the basic needs of every human been such as: the need for food, drink, education, medical care, etc. Every organization can provide these needs by providing good working condition and a salary to their employees. Security Needs; includes the need for feeling safe and secure, having a secure job, having a home and a future. The organization can satisfy these needs by offering job continuity, health and retirement plans. Belongingness Needs; includes the needs of humans to love and be loved, to be accepted by others, to take and give friendship. Most of this needs get satisfied by the family ties, but this is not enough since we spend a considerable time of our life in our works. Managers and direct supervisors can play a significant role to satisfy these needs by encouraging the work in group, enhance their communication with employees and provided basis for social interaction between employees. Esteem Needs; the needs of this group in be divided into two major needs, the need for self respect and the need for being respected by others. The organizations and managers can satisfy this by job title, awards, recognition of merits, benefits etc. Self-Actualization Needs; is the highest level of the hierarchy and includes the need we have to be the one we want to be in order to be self fulfilled. If all the other levels of the hierarchy are fully satisfied, it does not remain a lot for the managers to do to satisfy this need, all they need to take care off is make sure the individual has a challenging job and that other needs in lower level become deficient. According to the theory the needs of each level should be satisfied before going to the next level until we reach the self-actualization needs, however if during our road to the top of hierarchy, a lower level of need become deficient again the individual returns to that level (Moorhead and Griffin, 1995). Despite the fact that the theory is well recognized among many organization and managers due to the intuitive logic and easy understanding, the theory is not fully validated either by Maslow or any other research, in contrary many deficiencies have been identified (Wahba and Bridwell, 1976) It is important to mention that the most basic needs are provided by the top management of an organization and more we go up in the hierarchy of needs more we go down in the level of management responsible to satisfy these needs and turn them in motivator for improving job performance. The Dual-Structure Theory The theory was developed by Herzberg on late 1950s based on a research with a couple of hundred engineers and accounts (Herzberg, 1968). The finding of this research proved that different set of factors were connected with different feelings about work. The motivation of an employee goes in a two step process, first satisfying the employee (eliminate any factor which may bring dissatisfaction) by hygiene factors and second go with motivation factors. The motivation factors would result at the end with satisfied and motivated employees who can have a long term and positive job performance. The combination of these factors can set employee in four situations (Herzberg, 1987): Satisfied and motivated employee. The target situation for having the best performance. Satisfied but not motivated. The manager should find the way to apply motivation factors and change the status; otherwise the de-motivated employee will bring low productivity and bad quality. Not satisfied but motivated. The company should change its policies and rules and try to change the situation. An employee is not expected to stay to long in this status. Not satisfied and not motivated. The worst situation, both company and managers have a lot to do. These employees will bring to the business apart from the low productivity and bad quality a lot of complains, strikes, no communication. The hygiene factors, when they exist are in placed by the company strategy and/or governments rules and they are not directly related to the performance and ability of anybody. In opposite with them, the employee can get the motivation factors only by his involvement and his work. (McCrimmon, 2008). The theory has been analyzed more than any other theory in the field of organizational behavior (Pinder, 1998) and the results are quite contradictory. Studies and researchers which use the same method support the theory, other ones criticize it for the research population used, which is limited only to accountants and engineers, for not taking into account the individual differences, since a motivation factor can depend individual age and/or organizational model (House and Wigdor, 1967). Herzbergs theory states that money does not motivate employees but only satisfies them (Herzberg, 1968), due to this statement the theory is widely discussed and analyzed in studies and researches about the rewarding and motivation (Beel, 2007).The rewords supporters are totally against it and they say it does not have evidences to prove that money is not a motivation. Another aspect of critics is the fact that the theory does not take in consideration the circumstances, what does motivate an employee today, not necessary satisfy and motivate another one tomorrow (Robbins, 2005). Visual presentation of the dual structure theory (http://www.tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theory_herzberg.asp, Nov 2010) Motivation in Project management PRINCE2 manual defines a project as: a management environment that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to a specified business case. Another definition is: a temporary organisation that is needed to produce a unique and pre-define outcome or result at a pre-specified time using pre-determined resources. Being a temporary organization and with specific targets, the project organization is a more complex structure than a normal organization unit and different rules and practices are applied in every aspect of organizational behavior, including motivation. In 2008, our bank started a project for migration of existing core banking system into a new and modern one as part of the group strategy for mutualization of IT services. The project team was composed by more than twenty employees coming from different departments and sectors, covering many different positions such as; translators, business analysts, IT developers, organization and even a public relationship specialist. We knew since the beginning that such a challenging and multidimensional project could not succeed without a motivated team. Why do we need motivated staff? Is motivation the only factor for having a good performance? Conclusion Projects by definition are a temporary organization, this automatically excludes some motivation techniques which become irrelevant due to the time required to give their effects. What should we do? Should we leave motivation only to be applied in standard organizational structure?

Clinton Climate Change Initiative Program in Australia and the Progress of Barangoo Waterfront Development Project in Sydney so Far

Climate change has come to be one of the issues that have had far-reaching implications for the world in which we live. As people who are proud of our heritage and who need to live a fulfilling life, we need to do a lot more to fight climate change. For it is clear that unless something is done and done fast enough then this dear homeland of ours will be no more in a matter of several years (Pittock 2003). Therefore, my appeal is to all Australians to work hard to make the earth a good, safe place to live in not just today but also for generations to come.The way to go is to conserve our environment – to reduce carbon emission as far as possible as to date climate change is largely attributed to the rapid increase in the amount of carbon in the atmosphere in different forms. The Clinton Foundation has been in the forefront in this fight against climate change (The Clinton Foundation 2010). It has initiated many projects in the country to ensure that carbon emission is reduced. The Clinton Climate Change Initiative Program is a typical climate change program that is aimed at helping this country achieve its goal of becoming greener.Through the Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI), the Clinton foundation aims at working with the government to provide greener sources of energy, counter carbon emissions by using renewable energy sources in homes and offices, and reducing organic waste through use of recycled material (The Clinton Foundation 2010). It also seeks to create avenues for absorption of large quantities of carbon such as forests. The target is greenhouse emitters which range from industrial emissions through domestic energy sources to wasteful use of material or careless dumping.Working jointly with C40, CCI seeks to see cities greener and cleaner (The Clinton Foundation 2010). Through the Greener Government Buildings Program, CCI targets to make reduce the use of applications in government buildings which emit greenhouse gases. Reduced use of energy a nd reuse is a point of emphasis (Freestone 2010). All of us ought to seek to visit the Clinton Foundation’s official website and its other information resources to be better placed to work jointly with it to ensure we live in a safer and greener country.It is upon us all to work alongside CCI to make climate change less affective of our lifestyles. Now is the time for every Australian to do something that will count towards curbing adverse climate change. For this is for our own good. It is for us and for posterity. The more we conserve and preserve now, the more secure we make our future and the future of our children after us (The Clinton Foundation 2010). The Clinton Climate Change Initiative Program is currently running different projects to this effect, with the notable one being the Barangoo Waterfront Development Project in Sydney.This project is a partnership between the Clinton Foundation and the government of New South Wales and aims to create a park in the city of Melbourne’s area of Barangoo so it becomes part of the central business district (The Clinton Foundation 2010). This is a beautification approach that seeks to protect the waterfront of the city center and to capture the emitted carbon so the city is cleaner and greener. Once an inner city, Barangoo is being transformed to become part of the city center and so reduce congestion (Preston & Jones 2006).The main constructions are a headland park and a public domain. So far, work on the headland park has commenced and soon works are going to start for the public domain. The city, one the project is completed, is expected to be literally green with magnificent parks and surrounding blue waters. Magnificent buildings will adorn the nicely shaped harbor to demonstrate just how far collective effects and commitment can change cities for good. Also yet to be completed are a newly created headland park and a very modern waterfront. The headland park is located north of Barangoo (Beatle y 2008).Already done is a foreshore promenade that extends along the harbor and is part of a 14 kilometer foreshore walk joining Anzac Bridge to Woolloomooloo. Under the headland park is a car park that is almost hidden by the greenery. It is expected that the remaining part of the project will carry on to completion soon, to make Sydney a real green city and a demonstration of what being green really is. Word count: 747 References Beatley, T 2008. Green Urbanism Down Under: Learning from Sustainable Communities in Australia. Island Press Freestone, R 2010. Urban Nation: Australia's Planning Heritage.Csiro Publishing Pittock, B 2003. Climate Change: An Australian Guide to Science and Potential Impacts. Retrieved at: http://www. ccma. vic. gov. au/soilhealth/climate_change_literature_review/documents/organisations/ago/science-guide. pdf Preston, BL& Jones, RN 2006. Climate Change Impacts on Australia and the Benefits of Early Action to Reduce Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Retrieve d at: http://www. csiro. au/files/files/p6fy. pdf The Clinton Foundation 2010. What we Do. Retrieved at: http://www. clintonfoundation. org/what-we-do/clinton-climate-initiative/

An Unknown Microorganism Using Biochemical Tests - 1943 Words

Identifying microorganisms can provide information on diagnosing diseases and discovering the most beneficial treatment possible. The purpose of this assignment was to identify an unknown microorganism using biochemical tests and various methods that were practiced in the microbiology laboratory. In this paper, I will discuss the processes of how I came to identify my unknown microorganism. For this experiment, I utilized unknown number three which I later identified as Staphylococcus epidermis. I concluded that the unknown organism was Staphylococcus epidermis based on numerous tests performed in the laboratory which I will discuss in detail throughout this paper. One of the first tests performed was the Gram Stain. The Gram Stain†¦show more content†¦This strain of bacteria is a facultative anaerobic organism, which means that it can grow with or without oxygen. Staphylococcus epidermis grows well on nutrient agar dishes with a temperature of 37 °C (modmedmicrobes.wikisp aces.com). Identifying the microorganism as Gram-positive cocci was only the first step in determining my unknown organism. Numerous other tests were performed to confirm that my unknown organism was indeed Staphylococcus epidermis. The next test performed was the Carbohydrate Fermentation which utilized three different kinds of phenol red broths. One contained glucose, one contained lactose, and the last one contained sucrose. The objective of this test was to determine the ability of the microorganism to ferment a specific carbohydrate. A change in color from red to yellow is produced if the organism is able to utilize the carbohydrate(s) (Lab Handout; Phenol Red Carbohydrate Fermentation Broth). All three of my broths changed color from red to yellow indicating a positive result. The next two tests that I performed in the laboratory were the oxidase and catalase tests. The oxidase test is used to determine if a bacterium produces certain cytochrome c oxidases which can transfer electrons to oxygen. This experiment requires an oxidase test reagent that when introduced to the bacteria will turn purple indicating a positive result (Lab Handout; Oxidase Test). The result of this experiment was no color change

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Do Auditors Need to Have in-Depth Knowledge of Information...

Do auditors need to have in-depth knowledge of information technology? Yes, auditors need to have in-depth knowledge of information technology. Networks and computers deliver the most information needed for auditing to work. For it to be effective, auditors have to use the computer as an auditing tool, audit automated systems and data, and understand the business purposes for the systems and the situation in which the systems operate. The other important uses for networks and computers by auditors are in audit administration. By pursuing new uses for computers and communications, auditors can direct their activities more effectively and improve their skill to review systems information. Automated tools give auditors the chance to increase†¦show more content†¦This has been stated in internal control over hazardous material where the critical audit s objective was to review controls over the procurement, distribution, storage, and disposal of hazardous materials. But another standpoint, the author gives an example of workforce reduction program where CAATT used to review the efficiency and effectiveness of this program, personnel information system, and payroll system, the audit was successfully provides senior management with an assessment of the effectiveness of the program. Also how auditor inspected the controls over the closure process of a production plant. In one situation, an audit team helps the organization to determine whether equipment and inventory items were sold at an appropriate price, and properly safeguarded to prevent theft or loss. The CAATT developed for this closure were successfully used and reduced timing of the planning phase generally by more than 50%. And determine the benefits and effectiveness of CAATT in automating audit functions in the organization and allowed improvement of efficiency and effectiveness of auditing process be established. But the author has not provided any research survey and reports to support and justi fy his statements. The analysis of how CAATT automating of audit function are only based on survey and suggestion of unverifiable sources. As audit tools are growing more powerfulShow MoreRelatedMarketing Manager Vs. Internal Auditor1688 Words   |  7 PagesInternal Auditor I’m currently working as a Fraud Risk Analyst for Best Western International, where I use evidence, statements and testimony to identify and analyze fraudulent activity and trends to help lower one of today’s largest hotel chain’s fraud risk. Even though, my position normally requires the individual to have a Bachelor’s degree in the Hospitality Industry, Accounting, Finance, Administration or a similar field, my experience within the company and analytical abilities have proven toRead MoreIFAC and APB: Ethical Standards for Accountants Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pagesin providing independent audit and assurance services. 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